April 10, 1994 Hello mother, Hopefully you get this message. Mom I am hiding in our pastor's bathroom inside his house. I am here with seven of my friends from University. Mother how is our family? How are my brothers? I hope you are all doing well. My friends and I are planning to stay here until the war is over. If it's safe you should find your way here with the siblings. There will be space because we're all skinny cause of no food to eat. I am learning a new language, English, so when the war is over we can escape to another country and live there. Oh how I would dream of living a life free of pain and misery again. Don't worry this will all be over soon. Just try to stay out of trouble. Mother you must pray to a higher power so that he will lead us alive out of this brutality. I am reading the bible and all its miracles. This is our chance just pray mother. Pray to the lord and it will all be over soon. Tell my brothers to pray. If I don't get a message of some sort back than I will assume you are dead. Love, Immaculée Ilibagiza
International Response http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Works Cited: Letter- http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/letters.html International Response- http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Document: -http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1252049.stm Then, Hamis Kamuhanda, who is now 18, was just a normal 11-year-old.
He told me they were at home when they heard the terrible news on the radio of the downing of the plane. He says everyone went numb.
One of them said: 'Let's make sure that he is dead with this'. I didn't move an inch, nor did I make any noise
Hamis Kamuhanda
"The following day we had rumours that Hutus were out to kill every Tutsi in the country, claiming that we, the Tutsis had killed the Hutu president. We were advised to stay indoors. I had never seen my parents so agitated and terrified all my life."
That night they heard screams and gun shots from their neighbours.
"Then there was a knock at the door and before we could even respond, the door fell in and about four or so people came in and dragged my father out by his legs. That was the last we saw of him.
International response: The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome,2 particularly its recognition that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential, Recalling also its resolution 59/137 of 10December 2004, in which it requested the Secretary-General to encourage relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to continue to work with the Government of Rwanda to develop and implement programmes aimed at supporting vulnerable groups that continue to suffer from the effects of the 1994 genocide, 05-50110 60/225. Assistance to survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, particularly orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence -http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/225
May, 14 1994 I have never seen such chaos happen before my eyes. I try to think of it as just one of those bad dreams but it is not. Everything is real and happening here and now. Ever since King Habyarimana died the Tutsi were left helpless. You see your fellow neighbours and friends on the dusty road. Laying there helpless while flies hover around at their wounds. Who can even imagine killing all those innocent people? I have tried to imagine myself as a Hutu. It is difficult to think through their perspective. Imagining myself slaughtering young children with a machete in my hand while they scream and plead "I promise I won't be Tutsi anymore!" It is almost like the Hutu have been taken from their bodies and their souls have left reality. This was the same thing I heard last night while I was hiding. The moans and screams of the women and the mens desperate attempts to fight back. The Hutu Power Radio station ringing in my ear about "squashing the infestation." I can still hear the cries and yells. It won't go away and it never will.
Transcript of an Interview with a Hutu Militia Child Soldier: http://rwandafile.com/rtlm/rtlm0002.html
UN File Regarding Evacuation of a Rwandan Orphanage: http://rwandadocumentsproject.net/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=q-01000-00---off-0RW2--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10-RW--4-------0-1l--11-en-1000---50-about-children--00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=RW2&srp=0&srn=0&cl=search&d=HASH010d858138e351da59bc9e7c
Chad Patterson Period 5 Rwanda Genocide- impact on children
Primary Source: The year was 1994. I flew to Kigali, Rwanda at the end of an unprecedented genocide that left over a million people dead. The crocodiles were unable to move from the riverbanks because they had feasted on too many cadavers that blocked the tributaries. I went to practice medicine and restore hope to those who were courageous enough to survive. One day, my nurse told me a child was dumped on the ground in front of our makeshift hospital. I told her to return him to his mother. I learned that his mother was killed and his stepmother didn’t want him; so, she left him on the ground and walked away. I found this woman and demanded she take her stepson. “He’s not my son. And I don’t want him,” she said. Then she walked away. I then found his father and demanded that he take his son. “He’s my son, but I don’t want him,” he said. Then he walked away. We didn’t have enough people and resources to treat the losing battle we fought with cholera, malaria and simple diarrhea. How in the world were we to care for an unwanted child?
His name was Joseph and he looked like a little raisin that had been left to bake too long in the sun. Shrivelled and stricken with sickness, we had to care for him. So, we did. Each day I fed and cleaned him, held him and then fell in love with him. My nursing staff called me Papa, a name Joseph had come to know and trust. Holding him tight, he rested his head on my chest, a sad substitute for his mother, but it was all he had and for him anything constant and loving was good. Whenever he saw me, he would lift his arms to the sky, his secret code asking to be held and loved. I didn’t speak his language, but I understood his heart. And over time, we became an inseparable team giving each other what we needed most, love.
The days passed this way and we grew closer. Then one day, he was gone. Where did they take Joseph? I felt as if the umbilical cord between the two of us had been prematurely ruptured. I found that he was transferred to an orphanage. I went there and was toppled by dozens of children wanting my attention and affection. Each finger was tugged by the tight grip of a little one. Ten children battled for one of my fingers which they held onto for dear life as if milking a cow’s udder for any drop of milk.
I waded through the crowd intent on only one thing…to find Joseph. I went from room to room and finally saw him sitting alone twiddling his fingers. When he saw me, like so many times before, he lifted his arms up to the sky and I took him and held him close. The other little ones scurried away realizing they didn’t stand a chance.
I was with Joseph like every other time, the two of us, attentive and connected as father and son would be. And it was good, real good. It wasn’t until I went to put him back in his bed that things went bad, real bad. He understood that I did not come to take him home with me. I had come to say goodbye. He had been here before. Having watched his mother murdered, his stepmother and father dispose of him like a bowel movement on the bare ground, he could not handle yet another assault from someone he grew to trust and love.
They say every doctor has a cemetery. Well, I admittedly have one now. Not even a stone stands there with a name worth remembering. Like a speck of dust gone and forgotten, there is nothing more than me to hold his light. There is no one left to tell his story.
Joseph, my little raisin in the sun, died two days later. He died of a broken heart.
Vince Aranda period 5 Rwandan genocide:impact on children www.gendercide.org www.pri.org en.wikipedia. Letter From My Child Rwanda: Children of Bad Memories The neighbors started by toying with them, a dark kind of harassment.
"Everyone outside," a neighbor barked at Jeanne, Nicholas and the kids. "Make a straight line."
"Why are you doing this?" Jeanne cried out. "We're friends."
"We can't be friends with the Tutsis, with snakes like you," they responded.
"Start praying," they said, "because you're all going to die."
Neil Villadolid Period 5 Rwanda Genocide: Impact on Children
Primary Source- April 6, 1994 Dear Diary, Today President Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira were attacked and shot. People came to believe that the Hutu extremist where behind this. Others think there is some type of conspiracy going on. But I believe it was the Hutu extremists who are behind this attack. With all the panic going around it is hard to live my normal life. When I went out just to get groceries I had to go through over 5 security checks into to make it to the shop. Also coming back was also a hassle. I am worried for my family; I will not be able to see them for a while because of all the chaos right now. It worries me because I cannot get in contact with them. Also they live just too far for me to go. I am thinking of whether I should just leave home and go to family or I if I should just wait for the chaos to end. I pray that they stay safe and alive. And Lord knows what might happen tomorrow. I guess all I can do now is pray and wait for the chaos to settle down before I can go to my family.
International Response(Second One)- http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/legal-documents.html
Three Pictures- 1. http://rwandageno.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/6/3/11639361/9124152_orig.jpg 2. http://worldpoliticsuncovered.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/rwandan-genocide.jpg?w=640 3. http://62047510.nhd.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/6/8/5368329/2686807_orig.jpg
Work Cited- http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/index.html
Paige Holehouse Period 2 Topic: Rwanda Impact on children Pictures: http://img.youtube.com/vi/PC6LAUu33DI/0.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N2IcsSqtyq4/TehEbyozhyI/AAAAAAAAAH0/M8aY7f1q4TY/s1600/8.jpg http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/01/22/DRC_art.jpg
"All I could think of was to be with my mother whatever happened," she says. "Even today, even though I want to get out of this place where so many terrible things happened, where there are still people who want them to happen again, where we can see the killers walking on the streets every day, I can never leave my mother."
"Today we are being asked to live with the people who killed our families. We are told they are sorry, they won't do it again. Some people believe that. I am not one of them." http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/may/12/rwanda-genocide-20-years-on
International response: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
April 9. 1994 Dear Diary, I have never seen this much blooshed in my life before. Why is this happening? How come there isn't anyone to save us? Almost all of the Hutu are armed with Machetes and killing everyone in their sight that are not Hutu, even the children. I am hiding right now in a bathroom of an abondoned hotel in Rwanda. I cant imagine what will happen to the children after this massacre ends. Im guessing about half a million has been killed. In the end this massacre will surely be well-known to the world and how some people can be cruel in the most horrific ways. At the moment i am praying with my family that this will end as soon as possible and in time there shall be peace in this country once again.
Primary Source of International Response: http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Works Cited: http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/index-rwanda-children.html
Image 1:Newspaper that prompted hate against the Tutsi people http://www.trumanwebdesign.com/~catalina/kangura.gif
Image 2: One of the last editions of Kangura before the genocide http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/images/5/56/Kangura_Issue_26_cover.jpg
Image 3: Political Cartoon from Kangura http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~mclynch/photo2.jpg
It is the government-owned press! Nothing can be done about it. However, quite a few people have been amazed to hear one Radio Burundi journalist declare on Christmas morning that President Buyoya was “incontestably… the champion of peace and national unity.” At every turn, that journalist who was reading the 11:00 news aired excerpts of speeches delivered by the Major-cum-President, extolling national unity. But all those speeches are inundating the population which is in vain, as all the arrests in Burundi involve innocent Hutus.
International Response: Clinton said, "I think the rest of the world was caught flat-footed and did not have the mechanism to deal with it [Rwanda]. We did do some good and I think limited some killing there."
Primary Source: "These events grew from a policy aimed at the systematic destruction of a people. The ground for violence was carefully prepared, he airwaves poisoned with hate, casting the Tutsis as scapegoats for the problems of Rwanda, denying their humanity. All of this was done, clearly, to make it easy for otherwise reluctant people to participate in wholesale slaughter." -Bill Clinton
International Response: "This country did not respond soon enough to the 1994 genocide." -Michaelle Jean, Canadian Governor General
Primary Source: "The following day we had rumours that Hutus were out to kill every Tutsi in the country, claiming that we, the Tutsis had killed the Hutu president. We were advised to stay indoors. I had never seen my parents so agitated and terrified all my life." "Then there was a knock at the door and before we could even respond, the door fell in and about four or so people came in and dragged my father out by his legs. That was the last we saw of him." "We were hiding under the bed but we could see everything. Mother told us to keep quiet. Then the shooting began." "The bullets came in and hit everything in the way. Yet no-one dared scream. Mother could not cover all four of us." "I could feel blood coming from under my right shoulder and I did not know whether I was hit or not. I could not feel any pain then. My mind was occupied with the terror of being hacked to death." "Suddenly the door burst open and they came in praising themselves for a good job done. I was closer to the door and they kicked me in my belly. It was painful but the thought of being severed alive with their machetes, made me stay as quiet as a mouse." "One of them said: 'Let's make sure that he is dead with this'. I didn't move an inch, nor did I make any noise. They must have thought that I was dead." "I just felt a very sharp pain on my leg and I must have passed out. I don't know for how long. But when I woke up, my mother was nursing my wounded leg. I was trying to look at the wound when I lost consciousness again." "The armed Hutu men, the Interahamwe, were scattered and patrolling every corner. The situation was tense for a very long time and we could smell the stench of the dead even inside our fenced house. We were terrified." "We thought that those men were going to return and realise that we, a Tutsi family were still breathing. The leg was getting worse and I was feverish all the time." "The fact that at age 11, my mother had to do everything for me, including helping me to relieve myself, drove me insane. We were running out of food. We kept praying for some rescue mission from somewhere." "Mother peeped through the wall and saw Tutsi soldiers coming towards the house. She prayed and waited for our fate. What would it be? It was RPF (Rwanda Patriotic Front) soldiers. These were good people." "They liberated us and freed us from our self-imposed solitary confinement. The RPF soldiers took me to the hospital. I was there for about six months." Hamis Kamuhanda, 11 years old in 1994
International response: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/714025.stm
work cited: http://www.historywiz.com/rwanda-eyewitness.htm
"I remember looking up to the hill across the river. And I saw somebody actually with a machete cutting somebody. And we were all like, 'Wow! Something's happening here. They're going to kill us,'" she remembers. "A person like when they're cutting, cutting. And somebody was screaming."
People were screaming all over the country. The genocide had begun. It was extremely low tech - no gas chambers here - just machetes, spears and knives, wielded by Hutus, the majority tribe as they tried to wipe out the minority Tutsis.
There were no organized roundups as there had been in Nazi Germany; Tutsis were slaughtered in their tracks, wherever they were found. The killing fields were everywhere. And when it was over, three out of every four Tutsis in Rwanda had been killed.
When it began, Immaculee's father told her to run to a minister's house three miles away, and to beg him to hide her. The minister was a Hutu, a member of the majority tribe that was killing the Tutsis. But he had been a friend of the family's. And he was a minister.
"And I went to him. I was shaking. I told him 'My father asked me to come here because things are getting really bad in our village,'" she recalls. "And he took me. He said, 'Come, come.'"
He put Immaculee and six other women in a tiny, rarely used bathroom in a remote corner of the house, hidden not only from intruders, but from the minister's large family. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-2218371.html
International response: http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/
"They told me that I would be rewarded with a piece of land and a banana plantation. They told the same to other people, but you see they didn't give me any banana plantation." Tutus killer
"Diplomats, intelligence agencies, defence and military officials - even aid workers - provided timely information up the chain, that the Clinton administration decided against intervention at any level was not for lack of knowledge of what was happening in Rwanda." William Ferroggiaro
Primary source: Survivor Adeline tells the story "Right in front of us people were forced to squat on the floor and were then macheted or killed with a masu" "They each in turn raped us." "others were macheted and lay in agony for days before eventually dying. Others were piled on lorries with the dead, even though they were still breathing." http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/59%20-%20Adeline%202009.pdf
International Response: http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/161205.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8MlNwISkKQ ------------------------------------------------------------------ International Response: Letter
"On November 2, 2007, I had the honor of visiting the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha, Tanzania. The scale of guilt, of sin, is too great. No human justice can ever be great enough to encompass it. The blood of our brothers and sisters is crying out, to whatever God can hear, from the ground where our apathy, our greed, our silence, has spilled it, not just in Rwanda but in Iraq, Afghanistan, Guatemala, El Salvador, Vietnam, Laos, Bosnia, Germany, Poland, the United States—everywhere. No justice will ever be enough." - Ina Ziegler, a University of Minnesota Alumnus
Read the rest at: http://worldwithoutgenocide.org/genocides-and-conflicts/rwandan-genocide
PRIMARY SOURCE::: www.guardian.co.uk › World news › Rwanda
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE:::: teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
GLOBAL RESPONSES AFTER THE GENOCIDE After the genocide of 1994 took place the world began to take a stand and recognize that they did not do enough.
A hearing before the Subcommittee of Africa was given for the benefit of furthering the causes to prevent genocide from occurring again. The U.S. and the U.N. stated that "[we] are determined to be better prepared in [our] efforts to aid Rwanda and other countries in their troubles" (International Relations, pg.13, 2004). The US and UN have stepped up their involvement in their efforts to aid Rwanda.
Organizations such as the UN Consolidated Appeals has given emergency humanitarian assistance. This has brought the UNDP and the Rwandese government together in rebuilding Rwanda's economy. The people of Rwanda have been affected socially, politically, and economically because of the genocide. Another major assistance for the people has been through agriculture. The World Food Programme has been working to provide relief to the people by sending food and seeds for planting so the people can begin anew. This has allowed the people to regain their strength and get back on their feet. The Ministry of Health with assistance from organizations such as WHO and UNICEF have been able to provide adequate health care and rehabilitation to the people. (Sellstrom and Hohlgemuth, 1996.)
The US has contributed to the Genocide Survivors Fund and the Great Lakes Justice Initiative over the years to provide assistance to the many refugees in Africa. These funds have brought relief to many people in Africa who are without shelter and need safety. (Great Lakes, 2000) Along with this fund the US has contributed through its USAID by supporting regions in need as they work together with other countries and organizations to contribute to Rwanda's revival.
We must remember that the battle for freedom from genocide is not over. Rwanda still needs assistance from the international community. People are still fleeing their homes to survive attacks from the rebel armies that haunt them day by day in the regions in and around Rwanda. Children are in severe danger of being captured and forced to fight with the rebels.
We, as the international community, must take a stand against this violence that surrounds us. Although we have stepped up our aid given to the survivors in Rwanda the fight goes on. We urge you to do your part in preventing genocide. We can come together and make a difference by supporting our countries troops, taking a stand against violence, giving aid to those in need, and many other ways.We must be able to learn from the past to teach the future of the importance of prevention. Genocide does not have to happen again.
International Response: Immediately following the RPF takeover, around 2 million Hutus (perpetrators, bystanders, and resistors to the genocide) fled into the neighboring countries to avoid potential Tutsi retribution. Thousands died of epidemics, which spread like wildfire through to overcrowded refugee camps. The refugee presence in Zaire, among other factors, led to the first Congo War in 1996 and the formation of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Due to worsening conditions in the DRC and Tanzania, more than a million Rwandan refugees would return home by 1997. Back in Rwanda, the fully regenerated “UNAMIR 2” assumed control until March 8th, 1996. They faced the enormous task of cleaning up a war-torn country side, and dealing with the bodies of more than 1 million victims of genocide and war. The “machete” would become a symbol, synonymous to the Rwandan genocide for its widespread use by untrained civilians, to hack their neighbors to death. With the return of the refugees, the long-awaited genocide trials could proceed. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, located in Arusha, Tanzania, began proceedings in 1996. As of Spring 2012, the Tribunal has completed 35 trials and convicted 29 persons guilty of war crimes, acts of genocide, rape, and the creation of “hate media.” Eight trials are currently in progress, one accused criminal awaits trials in detention, and another 10 criminals remain at large, mostly presumed dead.
"I can never forgive those that killed my father. If my father and mother were here, I would not be out of school trying to look after my brother and sister. I am suffering terribly now because I lost my parents and remember I am only 19 I am still dealing with the effects of the killings, and will have to do so for ever. Though I do receive some help, it can never be enough to replace my parents."
"Within seconds the horrifying genocide began. Statistics estimate that at least a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were slaughtered in 100 days. Ironically, it took more than two months for the United Nations and the international community to rule the systematic killings of the Tutsi at a rate of 10,000 per day a genocide. This staggering number includes those dearest to me — my parents and two of my siblings, close friends and classmates, neighbors and fellow citizens.
A stranger saved my life. By the grace of God, three of my younger siblings, who were all under 10 at the time, also survived. Initially orphaned and separated, we were eventually reunited and able to return to school. Providing for my siblings was not an easy task. They were so young and required more than a teenage girl could give, but I knew I had to grow up quickly. I soon became their mother, especially to my youngest sister Mireille who cannot even remember the faces of our parents.
As for me, I have never been young. I never knew what it was to buy fancy clothes or wear pretty shoes. I never spent money on trinkets or jewelry like other girls. And I never dared to shop just for the joy of it. The awareness that I had to save every coin for the well-being of my siblings was always with me. I never had the freedom to complain or whine like more fortunate children. I was grateful to just have something to eat, and a place to lay my body and close my eyes.
Many wonderful people have helped me along the way, but God has been the “crew chief” on this journey. He revealed Himself not only in times of joy but in the most devastating of situations. Although I struggled to pay for food, clothes, medical expenses, and find a place to live, I was able to win a full scholarship to college in Rwanda where I earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics Engineering, and in the United States where I earned a Master’s Degree in Telecom Engineering.
Although the genocide left many scars that I still carry to this day, my gratitude to God is immeasurable. For years I struggled with stomach problems that started shortly after the Genocide ended. After being treated with every stomach drug available in Rwanda between 1994 and 2004, a doctor at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK), where I was transferred as the only option left, shocked me with news I wasn’t prepared to hear: “You have an ulcer. It seems like you have been drinking alcohol and smoking for many years.” I could not help but laugh. “But doctor, I’ve never smoked or drunk alcohol,” I replied."
International Response: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
Works Cited: "The Incredible Story of a Rwandan Genocide Survivor." JD GREEAR. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2013.
Five Rwandans have been arrested by the Metropolitan Police on suspicion of involvement in the 1994 genocide in their home country.
It follows an extradition request from Rwandan prosecutors, who want them to face trial for crimes against humanity. In 2009, four of the men won a High Court battle to halt extradition after senior judges ruled there was "a real risk" they would not get a fair trial. During the appeal, all four of the men denied any involvement in the genocide. The five men were arrested by the Met's extradition unit at their home addresses at 06:30 BST. They later appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court. The suspects were named as Emmanuel Ntezirayo, 51, from Manchester, Charles Munyaneza, 55, from Bedford, Celestine Ugirashebuja, 60, from Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, Dr Vincent Bajinya, 52, from Islington, north London and Celestine Mutabaruka, 57, from Ashford, Kent. All of the men except Mr Mutabaruka were arrested as part of the previous failed extradition attempt. They were in custody from 2006 until 2009, when the High Court ruled they be released. Three of the accused are former mayors of Rwandan communes. They have been accused of taking a leading role in the genocide, when around 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed in 100 days. Rwanda's chief prosecutor Martin Ngoga welcomed the arrests and said he believed all the suspects had a "case to answer". In a statement, he said he hoped the British courts would move quickly to extradite the men, so that they could "face justice". Rwanda had made "significant progress" on addressing concerns about fair trials since the 2009 High Court ruling, he added, pointing to recent extradition decisions by the European Court of Human Rights and Norway in favour of Rwanda as potential precedents for the British courts. There is no extradition treaty between Rwanda and the UK, but a Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries with regard to these individuals was signed on in March, the Crown Prosecution Service said. The men will next appear in court on 5 June. BBC Africa editor Mary Harper said that although it was nearly 20 years since the genocide, a number of those accused of leading it were still at large - some of them in Europe. Redress, a human rights organisation which has been helping survivors of the genocide obtain justice, welcomed the arrests. "Nowhere, including the UK, ought to be a safe haven for those accused of genocide and related international crimes," the group said.
Primary Source: http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/gallery/portrait/mukango ga
International Response: http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Works Cited: International Response- http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html Primary Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007216
Darr Gebreselassie Period 2 Lasting Impact Rwandan Genocide
Pictures First Picture graveyard http://megoracle.com/2011/10/ Lasting impact physically on a mans face http://lightbox.time.com/2011/04/06/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/#1 Many skulls left over from genocide first picture http://sunnyntayombya.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/the-impact-of-genocide-are-18-years-long-enough/
International response http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/2.htm
Primary source: "Thousands of children-many of whom had been exploited for their labor or their property and denied the right to education at home-have migrated to city streets to fend for themselves.There, they face a near constant risk of harassment by law enforcement officials and arbitrary arrest.Municipal authorities continue to round children up by force in an effort to "clean the streets," despite promises to direct their efforts at protecting the children without violating their rights.Girls living on the streets are frequently raped, sometimes even by law enforcement officials, yet few of those responsible have been prosecuted."
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ReplyDeleteCole Bowers
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwanda Impact on children
Pictures
http://img.youtube.com/vi/XsdPrQNa0Ig/0.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qFzcH09d88o/T1_-sf3IaPI/AAAAAAAAAr8/9ExQ-WCAGVQ/s1600/rwanda+genocide+children+guns.jpg
http://therwandangenocide.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/rwandan-genocide1.jpg
Letter
Message For Mother of Immaculee
April 10, 1994
Hello mother,
Hopefully you get this message. Mom I am hiding in our pastor's bathroom inside his house. I am here with seven of my friends from University. Mother how is our family? How are my brothers? I hope you are all doing well. My friends and I are planning to stay here until the war is over. If it's safe you should find your way here with the siblings. There will be space because we're all skinny cause of no food to eat. I am learning a new language, English, so when the war is over we can escape to another country and live there. Oh how I would dream of living a life free of pain and misery again. Don't worry this will all be over soon. Just try to stay out of trouble. Mother you must pray to a higher power so that he will lead us alive out of this brutality. I am reading the bible and all its miracles. This is our chance just pray mother. Pray to the lord and it will all be over soon. Tell my brothers to pray. If I don't get a message of some sort back than I will assume you are dead.
Love,
Immaculée Ilibagiza
International Response
http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Works Cited:
Letter- http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/letters.html
International Response- http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Lauren Palla
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwandan Genocide-impact on children
Document:
-http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1252049.stm
Then, Hamis Kamuhanda, who is now 18, was just a normal 11-year-old.
He told me they were at home when they heard the terrible news on the radio of the downing of the plane. He says everyone went numb.
One of them said: 'Let's make sure that he is dead with this'. I didn't move an inch, nor did I make any noise
Hamis Kamuhanda
"The following day we had rumours that Hutus were out to kill every Tutsi in the country, claiming that we, the Tutsis had killed the Hutu president. We were advised to stay indoors. I had never seen my parents so agitated and terrified all my life."
That night they heard screams and gun shots from their neighbours.
"Then there was a knock at the door and before we could even respond, the door fell in and about four or so people came in and dragged my father out by his legs. That was the last we saw of him.
Pictures:
-http://www.bradguice.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=1&p=4&a=0&at=0
-http://newshopper.sulekha.com/rwanda-congo-genocide_photo_1551886.htm
-http://doculinks.wordpress.com/2011/08/11/james-nachtwey-rwandan/
International response:
The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights,1
Recalling the 2005 World Summit Outcome,2 particularly its recognition that all individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential,
Recalling also its resolution 59/137 of 10December 2004, in which it requested the Secretary-General to encourage relevant agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to continue to work with the Government of Rwanda to develop and implement programmes aimed at supporting vulnerable groups that continue to suffer from the effects of the 1994 genocide,
05-50110
60/225. Assistance to survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, particularly orphans, widows and victims of sexual violence
-http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/225
Lily Giedd
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Rwanda genocide- impact on children
http://www.jackpicone.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=5&p=11&a=0&at=0
http://kufarooq.blogspot.com/2013/01/rwanda-genocide.html
http://littlemisskrizzel.edublogs.org/files/2011/05/child1-16gvoyl.jpg
May, 14 1994
I have never seen such chaos happen before my eyes. I try to think of it as just one of those bad dreams but it is not. Everything is real and happening here and now. Ever since King Habyarimana died the Tutsi were left helpless. You see your fellow neighbours and friends on the dusty road. Laying there helpless while flies hover around at their wounds. Who can even imagine killing all those innocent people? I have tried to imagine myself as a Hutu. It is difficult to think through their perspective. Imagining myself slaughtering young children with a machete in my hand while they scream and plead "I promise I won't be Tutsi anymore!" It is almost like the Hutu have been taken from their bodies and their souls have left reality. This was the same thing I heard last night while I was hiding. The moans and screams of the women and the mens desperate attempts to fight back. The Hutu Power Radio station ringing in my ear about "squashing the infestation." I can still hear the cries and yells. It won't go away and it never will.
-Tharcisse Mukama
http://tharcissemukama.weebly.com/diary.html
International response - http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/
Jonathan Tarazi
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Rwandan Genocide- Effect on Children
Images:
http://www.assistnews.net/images10/children%20killed%20in%20the%20genocide.jpg
http://www.earlychurchofjesus.org/images2/life1.gif
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_alCX1pMbG3o/TKL0Ca7bhJI/AAAAAAAAAd0/SIObOmd2YR8/s1600/Child+Soldier.jpg
Transcript of an Interview with a Hutu Militia Child Soldier:
http://rwandafile.com/rtlm/rtlm0002.html
UN File Regarding Evacuation of a Rwandan Orphanage:
http://rwandadocumentsproject.net/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=q-01000-00---off-0RW2--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10-RW--4-------0-1l--11-en-1000---50-about-children--00-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=RW2&srp=0&srn=0&cl=search&d=HASH010d858138e351da59bc9e7c
Chad Patterson
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwanda Genocide- impact on children
Primary Source:
The year was 1994. I flew to Kigali, Rwanda at the end of an unprecedented genocide that left over a million people dead. The crocodiles were unable to move from the riverbanks because they had feasted on too many cadavers that blocked the tributaries. I went to practice medicine and restore hope to those who were courageous enough to survive. One day, my nurse told me a child was dumped on the ground in front of our makeshift hospital. I told her to return him to his mother. I learned that his mother was killed and his stepmother didn’t want him; so, she left him on the ground and walked away. I found this woman and demanded she take her stepson. “He’s not my son. And I don’t want him,” she said. Then she walked away. I then found his father and demanded that he take his son. “He’s my son, but I don’t want him,” he said. Then he walked away. We didn’t have enough people and resources to treat the losing battle we fought with cholera, malaria and simple diarrhea. How in the world were we to care for an unwanted child?
His name was Joseph and he looked like a little raisin that had been left to bake too long in the sun. Shrivelled and stricken with sickness, we had to care for him. So, we did. Each day I fed and cleaned him, held him and then fell in love with him. My nursing staff called me Papa, a name Joseph had come to know and trust. Holding him tight, he rested his head on my chest, a sad substitute for his mother, but it was all he had and for him anything constant and loving was good. Whenever he saw me, he would lift his arms to the sky, his secret code asking to be held and loved. I didn’t speak his language, but I understood his heart. And over time, we became an inseparable team giving each other what we needed most, love.
The days passed this way and we grew closer. Then one day, he was gone. Where did they take Joseph? I felt as if the umbilical cord between the two of us had been prematurely ruptured. I found that he was transferred to an orphanage. I went there and was toppled by dozens of children wanting my attention and affection. Each finger was tugged by the tight grip of a little one. Ten children battled for one of my fingers which they held onto for dear life as if milking a cow’s udder for any drop of milk.
I waded through the crowd intent on only one thing…to find Joseph. I went from room to room and finally saw him sitting alone twiddling his fingers. When he saw me, like so many times before, he lifted his arms up to the sky and I took him and held him close. The other little ones scurried away realizing they didn’t stand a chance.
I was with Joseph like every other time, the two of us, attentive and connected as father and son would be. And it was good, real good. It wasn’t until I went to put him back in his bed that things went bad, real bad. He understood that I did not come to take him home with me. I had come to say goodbye. He had been here before. Having watched his mother murdered, his stepmother and father dispose of him like a bowel movement on the bare ground, he could not handle yet another assault from someone he grew to trust and love.
They say every doctor has a cemetery. Well, I admittedly have one now. Not even a stone stands there with a name worth remembering. Like a speck of dust gone and forgotten, there is nothing more than me to hold his light. There is no one left to tell his story.
Joseph, my little raisin in the sun, died two days later. He died of a broken heart.
Pictures:
http://www.usafricaonline.com/genocide.rwanda11.jpg
http://www.themindfulword.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/cary-rasof-Joseph.jpg
http://www.jackpicone.com/data/photos/673_1jp_rwanda_scaler_15.jpg
International Response:
http://www.tribunalvoices.org/
Alexis S. Montiel
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwandan Genocide: Impact On Children
Pictures 1:http://coloredopinions.blogspot.com/2011/04/rwanda-genocide-tutsi-hutu-and-twa.html
Pictures 2 & 3: http://kufarooq.blogspot.com/2013/01/rwanda-genocide.html
Primary Resource: http://tharcissemukama.weebly.com/diary.html
International Response: http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB117/
Lewis Goodman
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwandan Genocide: Impact On Children
Pictures:
http://crisispictures.blogspot.com/2012/02/rwanda-genocide.html
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/rwanda_genocide.html
http://kabiza.com/Rwanda-10years-later.htm
Letter:
"Dear Mum,
When I became 9 years old ... I started to think about my father for the first time.
Because all friends talk about their fathers. I asked you then for the first time about my father.
I ask you: where is my father? I want to see my father."
- Shyaka, 13 years old
International Response:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/714025.stm
Cited Source For Letter: http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/letterfrommychild/2013/04/2013439564950802.html
Vince Aranda
ReplyDeleteperiod 5
Rwandan genocide:impact on children
www.gendercide.org
www.pri.org
en.wikipedia.
Letter From My Child
Rwanda: Children of Bad Memories
The neighbors started by toying with them, a dark kind of harassment.
"Everyone outside," a neighbor barked at Jeanne, Nicholas and the kids. "Make a straight line."
"Why are you doing this?" Jeanne cried out. "We're friends."
"We can't be friends with the Tutsis, with snakes like you," they responded.
"Start praying," they said, "because you're all going to die."
crs.org/rwanda/love-and-forgiveness/
Primary Source Video
ReplyDeletehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=US&hl=en&client=mv-google&feature=related&v=a-auO4EmQVI&nomobile=1
International Response Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?client=mv-google&gl=US&hl=en&v=R_6CFNwJ9ww&nomobile=1
Pictures
Newspaper
http://stmarysclinton.com/25/rwanda-genocide-propaganda
https://www.google.com/search?sugexp=epsugrccelt2&gs_rn=15&gs_ri=psy-ab&tok=BxSrlUcAx2GVxwcSNEwPHQ&suggest=p&cp=19&gs_id=21&xhr=t&q=rwanda+genocide+propaganda&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47244034,d.cGE&biw=1067&bih=577&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=S_GnUcKuD-P9igKfkIGoCg#facrc=_&imgrc=g6N9BlLz5OpJvM%3A%3BtreRlIia2Gl20M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.trumanwebdesign.com%252F~catalina%252Fkangura.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.trumanwebdesign.com%252F~catalina%252Ftimeline.htm%3B400%3B508
https://www.google.com/search?sugexp=epsugrccelt2&gs_rn=15&gs_ri=psy-ab&tok=BxSrlUcAx2GVxwcSNEwPHQ&suggest=p&cp=19&gs_id=21&xhr=t&q=rwanda+genocide+propaganda&biw=1067&bih=577&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=lPGnUd2FC4fJiQKW3oCQBg#facrc=_&imgrc=6owtAxKC3_wL8M%3A%3Bl_wvqVSMB_bqLM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdissidentvoice.org%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2009%252F04%252Fclipping.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdissidentvoice.org%252F2009%252F04%252Fthe-rwanda-genocide-fabrications%252F%3B500%3B317
Neil Villadolid
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwanda Genocide: Impact on Children
Primary Source-
April 6, 1994
Dear Diary,
Today President Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira were attacked and shot. People came to believe that the Hutu extremist where behind this. Others think there is some type of conspiracy going on. But I believe it was the Hutu extremists who are behind this attack. With all the panic going around it is hard to live my normal life. When I went out just to get groceries I had to go through over 5 security checks into to make it to the shop. Also coming back was also a hassle. I am worried for my family; I will not be able to see them for a while because of all the chaos right now. It worries me because I cannot get in contact with them. Also they live just too far for me to go. I am thinking of whether I should just leave home and go to family or I if I should just wait for the chaos to end. I pray that they stay safe and alive. And Lord knows what might happen tomorrow. I guess all I can do now is pray and wait for the chaos to settle down before I can go to my family.
International Response(Second One)-
http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/legal-documents.html
Three Pictures-
1. http://rwandageno.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/6/3/11639361/9124152_orig.jpg
2. http://worldpoliticsuncovered.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/rwandan-genocide.jpg?w=640
3. http://62047510.nhd.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/6/8/5368329/2686807_orig.jpg
Work Cited-
http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/index.html
Paige Holehouse
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Topic: Rwanda Impact on children
Pictures:
http://img.youtube.com/vi/PC6LAUu33DI/0.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N2IcsSqtyq4/TehEbyozhyI/AAAAAAAAAH0/M8aY7f1q4TY/s1600/8.jpg
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/01/22/DRC_art.jpg
"All I could think of was to be with my mother whatever happened," she says. "Even today, even though I want to get out of this place where so many terrible things happened, where there are still people who want them to happen again, where we can see the killers walking on the streets every day, I can never leave my mother."
"Today we are being asked to live with the people who killed our families. We are told they are sorry, they won't do it again. Some people believe that. I am not one of them."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/may/12/rwanda-genocide-20-years-on
International response: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
Iqbal Qayum
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Rwanda Genocide: Impact on Children
Pictures:
http://executions.justsickshit.com/wp-content/gallery/rwanda-genocide-massacre/rwanada-child.jpg
http://www.voice-online.co.uk/sites/default/files/imagecache/455/genocide.jpg
http://allafrica.com/download/pic/main/main/csiid/00161166:08fdaa9f5aa510acabd33ec9006d68a1:arc614x376:w614:us1.jpg
Diary:
April 9. 1994
Dear Diary,
I have never seen this much blooshed in my life before. Why is this happening? How come there isn't anyone to save us? Almost all of the Hutu are armed with Machetes and killing everyone in their sight that are not Hutu, even the children. I am hiding right now in a bathroom of an abondoned hotel in Rwanda. I cant imagine what will happen to the children after this massacre ends. Im guessing about half a million has been killed. In the end this massacre will surely be well-known to the world and how some people can be cruel in the most horrific ways. At the moment i am praying with my family that this will end as soon as possible and in time there shall be peace in this country once again.
Primary Source of International Response:
http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Works Cited:
http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/index-rwanda-children.html
Ryan Nober
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Rwanda genocide: impact on children
Pictures:
http://www.mariellafurrer.com/#/news-stories/rwandan-genocide-congo/rwanda-D
http://www.mariellafurrer.com/#/news-stories/rwandan-genocide-congo/rwanda-IC
http://doculinks.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/james-nachtwey-rwandan.jpg
Diary:
http://www.historywiz.com/rwanda-eyewitness.htm
International response:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZ5eScme_pY
Bruce Man-Son-Hing
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Political Motives
Pictures
1.http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/5/26/1306407010176/Refugees-from-Rwanda-in-G-007.jpg
2.http://www.defenceweb.co.za/images/stories/JOINT/JOINT_NEW/Rwanda/Rwandan_military.jpg
3.http://www.bet.com/news/global/2012/09/25/rwandan-genocide-trial-opens-in-norway/_jcr_content/featuredMedia/newsitemimage.newsimage.dimg/092512-global-rwanda-1994-genocide-graves.jpg
First Person Video
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3004020n
France's International Response
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/feb/25/sarkozy-rwanda-genocide-kagame
Andrew Kahn
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Motives
Image 1:Newspaper that prompted hate against the Tutsi people
http://www.trumanwebdesign.com/~catalina/kangura.gif
Image 2: One of the last editions of Kangura before the genocide
http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/images/5/56/Kangura_Issue_26_cover.jpg
Image 3: Political Cartoon from Kangura
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~mclynch/photo2.jpg
It is the government-owned press! Nothing can be done about it. However, quite a few people have been amazed to hear one Radio Burundi journalist declare on Christmas morning that President Buyoya was “incontestably… the champion of peace and national unity.” At every turn, that journalist who was reading the 11:00 news aired excerpts of speeches delivered by the Major-cum-President, extolling national unity. But all those speeches are inundating the population which is in vain, as all the arrests in Burundi involve innocent Hutus.
International Response: Clinton said, "I think the rest of the world was caught flat-footed and did not have the mechanism to deal with it [Rwanda]. We did do some good and I think limited some killing there."
Jacob Fisher
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Motives
Images:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/56/Ntaryamira.jpg
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01243/congo_1243199c.jpg
http://www.olny.nl/RWANDA/Lu_Pour_Vous/Dossier_Special_Deuxieme_Republique/G_M_Juvenal_Habyarimana.jpg
Primary Source:
"These events grew from a policy aimed at the systematic destruction of a people. The ground for violence was carefully prepared, he airwaves poisoned with hate, casting the Tutsis as scapegoats for the problems of Rwanda, denying their humanity. All of this was done, clearly, to make it easy for otherwise reluctant people to participate in wholesale slaughter."
-Bill Clinton
International Response:
"This country did not respond soon enough to the 1994 genocide."
-Michaelle Jean, Canadian Governor General
Shima Esmaeili
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Political Motives
IMAGES :
http://www.trumanwebdesign.com/~catalina/kangura.gif
http://genocideofrwanda.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/6/0/5960462/4316604.jpg?546
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire.jpg/320px-Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire.jpg
PRIMARY SOURCE:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJJTIAREg_k
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE :
http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/documents/Jigsaw3_Internationalresponse.pdf
Alanna Price
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Political Motives
Pictures:
1. http://freeuganda.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/paul-kagame-and-rwanda-genocide/
2. http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/rwanda.htm
3. http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/87249/
Primary Source Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oaKmkPxkXY
International Response:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUc-fP1eKr0
Daniel Hirsch
ReplyDeleteperiod 2
The Rwandan Genocide and the effect on children
Pictures:
https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQIvSiaGrmBqUMZYSlOfQ3-eZ7O-dYMh69jeOrB6UK8WWsAUlv9lw
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQJX_QiIB1nwWBbz46nTiOACu3zRyOLtu8HPVr9qszrok_ttSWr
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQXSveWPOHK-e8AIxjA6ipytkU1k0G5BnrAN8EgsSg4VMuuuJd8
Primary Source:
"The following day we had rumours that Hutus were out to kill every Tutsi in the country, claiming that we, the Tutsis had killed the Hutu president. We were advised to stay indoors. I had never seen my parents so agitated and terrified all my life."
"Then there was a knock at the door and before we could even respond, the door fell in and about four or so people came in and dragged my father out by his legs. That was the last we saw of him."
"We were hiding under the bed but we could see everything. Mother told us to keep quiet. Then the shooting began."
"The bullets came in and hit everything in the way. Yet no-one dared scream. Mother could not cover all four of us."
"I could feel blood coming from under my right shoulder and I did not know whether I was hit or not. I could not feel any pain then. My mind was occupied with the terror of being hacked to death."
"Suddenly the door burst open and they came in praising themselves for a good job done. I was closer to the door and they kicked me in my belly. It was painful but the thought of being severed alive with their machetes, made me stay as quiet as a mouse."
"One of them said: 'Let's make sure that he is dead with this'. I didn't move an inch, nor did I make any noise. They must have thought that I was dead."
"I just felt a very sharp pain on my leg and I must have passed out. I don't know for how long. But when I woke up, my mother was nursing my wounded leg. I was trying to look at the wound when I lost consciousness again."
"The armed Hutu men, the Interahamwe, were scattered and patrolling every corner. The situation was tense for a very long time and we could smell the stench of the dead even inside our fenced house. We were terrified."
"We thought that those men were going to return and realise that we, a Tutsi family were still breathing. The leg was getting worse and I was feverish all the time."
"The fact that at age 11, my mother had to do everything for me, including helping me to relieve myself, drove me insane. We were running out of food. We kept praying for some rescue mission from somewhere."
"Mother peeped through the wall and saw Tutsi soldiers coming towards the house. She prayed and waited for our fate. What would it be? It was RPF (Rwanda Patriotic Front) soldiers. These were good people."
"They liberated us and freed us from our self-imposed solitary confinement. The RPF soldiers took me to the hospital. I was there for about six months."
Hamis Kamuhanda, 11 years old in 1994
International response:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/714025.stm
work cited:
http://www.historywiz.com/rwanda-eyewitness.htm
Kelly Clark
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Political Motives
Pictures:
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/121912540/The-Rwandan-Genocide-History_-Impact_-and-Reconstruction
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/97258/Poster-of-a-fugitive-wanted-for-genocide-in-Rwanda
http://creativeroots.org/2009/06/rwanda-genocide/
Primary Source:
"I remember looking up to the hill across the river. And I saw somebody actually with a machete cutting somebody. And we were all like, 'Wow! Something's happening here. They're going to kill us,'" she remembers. "A person like when they're cutting, cutting. And somebody was screaming."
People were screaming all over the country. The genocide had begun. It was extremely low tech - no gas chambers here - just machetes, spears and knives, wielded by Hutus, the majority tribe as they tried to wipe out the minority Tutsis.
There were no organized roundups as there had been in Nazi Germany; Tutsis were slaughtered in their tracks, wherever they were found. The killing fields were everywhere. And when it was over, three out of every four Tutsis in Rwanda had been killed.
When it began, Immaculee's father told her to run to a minister's house three miles away, and to beg him to hide her. The minister was a Hutu, a member of the majority tribe that was killing the Tutsis. But he had been a friend of the family's. And he was a minister.
"And I went to him. I was shaking. I told him 'My father asked me to come here because things are getting really bad in our village,'" she recalls. "And he took me. He said, 'Come, come.'"
He put Immaculee and six other women in a tiny, rarely used bathroom in a remote corner of the house, hidden not only from intruders, but from the minister's large family.
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-2218371.html
International response:
http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/
Chase KInsley
ReplyDeleteperiod 2
political motives
Pictures:
http://megoracle.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/013-rwanda-genocide-crosses-in-kigali.jpg
http://freezomblandia.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/james-nachtwey-war-photographer/starvation-victim-during-the-rwandan-genocide-james-nachtwey/
http://www.commonwealthhealth.org/non-communicable-diseases/africa/rwanda/
Primary Source:http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/12/18/international-criminal-tribunal-for-rwanda-ictr-bagosora-ntabakuze-and-nsengiyumva-given-life-sentenceskabiligi-acquitted/
International responsehttp://worldwithoutgenocide.org/genocides-and-conflicts/rwandan-genocide
Rwanda Genocide Political Motives
ReplyDeleteRoberto Stevens
Period 5
http://www.france24.com/en/files/imagecache/france24_169_large/story/20080708-rwanda_0.jpg
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~marke22g/classweb/dw1/images/tillman/Boys%20in%20Rwanda.jpg
http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/rwanda-congo-genocide-2010-10-10-9-21-29.jpg
"They told me that I would be rewarded with a piece of land and a banana plantation. They told the same to other people, but you see they didn't give me any banana plantation." Tutus killer
"Diplomats, intelligence agencies, defence and military officials - even aid workers - provided timely information up the chain, that the Clinton administration decided against intervention at any level was not for lack of knowledge of what was happening in Rwanda." William Ferroggiaro
Lauren Dascalo
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Rawanda genocide
Primary source article :
http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/index-rwanda-children.html
http://m.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13431486
First response:
http://m.guardiannews.com/world/2011/oct/13/rwanda-genocide-survivor-book-rebuild
http://www.kigalimemorialcentre.org/old/survivors/valentine.html
Pictures:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2010/12/13/131971720/rwanda
http://lightbox.time.com/2011/04/06/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/photo/2/
http://lightbox.time.com/2011/04/06/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/photo/5/
1. Children putting flowers down for the lost ones
2. Beaten boy
3. Remains
4. A child and parents at death camp
jack korchek
ReplyDeleteperiod 5
rwanda genocide
primary source:
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-2218371.html
international response:
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
pictures:
http://lightbox.time.com/2011/04/06/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/
http://www.mercatornet.com/mobile/view/the_rwandan_genocide_a_revisionist_history
http://www.jackpicone.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=5&p=11&a=0&at=0
Brooke Levine
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Pictures:
1.http://cdn.lightgalleries.net/4bd5ebffe76f5/images/rwanda-IC-2.jpg
2.http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45632000/jpg/_45632102_machetes.jpg
3.http://www.gendercide.org/images/pics/wounded1.jpg
Primary Source:
http://www.rwandafile.com/rtlm/pdf/rtlm0002.pdf
International Primary Source:
http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/rw040694.pdf
Jordan Eisner
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Methods
Pictures:
http://historianerdicus.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/interhame-militia-3.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GjBCMT23xmA/TUzefc5zpdI/AAAAAAAAI0s/AvXJl8OSYaY/s1600/rwanda+0130.jpg
http://www.documentingreality.com/forum/attachments/f10/135036d1267833200-rwanda-genocide-125540.thumb.jpg
Primary source: Survivor Adeline tells the story
"Right in front of us people were forced to squat on the floor and were then macheted or killed with a masu"
"They each in turn raped us."
"others were macheted and lay in agony for days before eventually dying. Others were piled on lorries with the dead, even though they were still breathing."
http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/59%20-%20Adeline%202009.pdf
International Response:
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/161205.pdf
June Assawamahakun
ReplyDeletePeriod
Methods
Pictures:
http://www.interet-general.info/IMG/Rwanda-Genocide-1994-1.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Qe1wgxDiEdU/TJSxemPVYLI/AAAAAAAACJ0/XJZ4frjIMb8/s400/01.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Qe1wgxDiEdU/TJSy0R85BpI/AAAAAAAACLk/ZDflvAraJ2g/s400/rwandabodies2.jpg
Primary Source: http://www.rwandanstories.org/genocide/a_good_man.html
International Response: http://vimeo.com/20128947#
Jordan Schore
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Pictures:
http://mediasinfluenceontherwandangenocide.blogspot.com/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-483778/British-doctor-key-organiser-Rwandan-genocide-court-told.html
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1168521/Four-men-accused-Rwanda-genocide-win-battle-extradition-Britain.html
Primary source:
http://www.womenaid.org/press/info/humanrights/rwanda%20hr.html
International Response:
http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Sam Vizvary
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Pictures:
http://unqualified-reservations.blogspot.com/2011/07/right-wing-terrorism-as-folk-activism.html
http://zocalopoets.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/zp_rwanda-genocide_skull-of-a-victim-with-embedded-blade.jpg
http://25328144.nhd.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/7/9/15793948/5031163_orig.jpg
Primary Source: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-2218371.html
International Response: https://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Noah Perry
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Pictures:
http://mediasinfluenceontherwandangenocide.blogspot.com/
http://worldpoliticsuncovered.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/rwandan-genocide.jpg
http://www.jackpicone.com/data/photos/673_1jp_rwanda_scaler_15.jpg
Primary Source:
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/120657
International Response:
http://rwanda.usembassy.gov/mobile//sp_11232011.html
Mark Schweitzer
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Primary Source Diary -
http://tharcissemukama.weebly.com/diary.html
Pictures -
http://genociderwanda123.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/9/14197003/5274785_orig.jpg?0
http://apwh.pbworks.com/f/1178585135/Rwandan%20Genocide.jpg
http://matteogagliardi.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/rwanda1.jpg?w=625&h=390&crop=1
International Response -
http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html *Quotations include primary source information
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAlex Velazquez
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Methods
Pictures:
http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/61169000/jpg/_61169588_afp.jpg
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02408/m23_2408594b.jpg
http://cs-montrealgazette.s3.amazonaws.com/CommunityServer.Components.UserFiles/00/00/01/54/37/DRCONGO-RWANDA-UNREST-CON-7.jpg
------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8MlNwISkKQ
------------------------------------------------------------------
International Response: Letter
"On November 2, 2007, I had the honor of visiting the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha, Tanzania. The scale of guilt, of sin, is too great. No human justice can ever be great enough to encompass it. The blood of our brothers and sisters is crying out, to whatever God can hear, from the ground where our apathy, our greed, our silence, has spilled it, not just in Rwanda but in Iraq, Afghanistan, Guatemala, El Salvador, Vietnam, Laos, Bosnia, Germany, Poland, the United States—everywhere. No justice will ever be enough."
- Ina Ziegler, a University of Minnesota Alumnus
Read the rest at: http://worldwithoutgenocide.org/genocides-and-conflicts/rwandan-genocide
Ilay Soffer
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Methods
Pictures:
http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/09_04/rwandaR_468x350.jpg
http://aipr.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/rwanda.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BZ8RH7O2PL8/TQgdpy3NDDI/AAAAAAAAAAY/KQaMmyNHhHU/s400/rwandan-genocide.jpg
Primary Source:
http://rwandansurvivors.blogspot.com/
International Response:
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/
Nica Ramy
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Methods
PICTURES:::
http://www.beyondintractability.org/cic_images/aha/Genocide-soldiers-killing-neighbors.jpg
http://www.gendercide.org/images/pics/wounded1.jpg
http://lawrenceofcyberia.blogs.com/news/rwanda.jpg
PRIMARY SOURCE:::
www.guardian.co.uk › World news › Rwanda
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE::::
teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
GLOBAL RESPONSES AFTER THE GENOCIDE
After the genocide of 1994 took place the world began to take a stand and recognize that they did not do enough.
A hearing before the Subcommittee of Africa was given for the benefit of furthering the causes to prevent genocide from occurring again. The U.S. and the U.N. stated that "[we] are determined to be better prepared in [our] efforts to aid Rwanda and other countries in their troubles" (International Relations, pg.13, 2004). The US and UN have stepped up their involvement in their efforts to aid Rwanda.
Organizations such as the UN Consolidated Appeals has given emergency humanitarian assistance. This has brought the UNDP and the Rwandese government together in rebuilding Rwanda's economy. The people of Rwanda have been affected socially, politically, and economically because of the genocide. Another major assistance for the people has been through agriculture. The World Food Programme has been working to provide relief to the people by sending food and seeds for planting so the people can begin anew. This has allowed the people to regain their strength and get back on their feet. The Ministry of Health with assistance from organizations such as WHO and UNICEF have been able to provide adequate health care and rehabilitation to the people. (Sellstrom and Hohlgemuth, 1996.)
The US has contributed to the Genocide Survivors Fund and the Great Lakes Justice Initiative over the years to provide assistance to the many refugees in Africa. These funds have brought relief to many people in Africa who are without shelter and need safety. (Great Lakes, 2000) Along with this fund the US has contributed through its USAID by supporting regions in need as they work together with other countries and organizations to contribute to Rwanda's revival.
We must remember that the battle for freedom from genocide is not over. Rwanda still needs assistance from the international community. People are still fleeing their homes to survive attacks from the rebel armies that haunt them day by day in the regions in and around Rwanda. Children are in severe danger of being captured and forced to fight with the rebels.
We, as the international community, must take a stand against this violence that surrounds us. Although we have stepped up our aid given to the survivors in Rwanda the fight goes on. We urge you to do your part in preventing genocide. We can come together and make a difference by supporting our countries troops, taking a stand against violence, giving aid to those in need, and many other ways.We must be able to learn from the past to teach the future of the importance of prevention. Genocide does not have to happen again.
Kendall Yocum
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Methods
Primary Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65h2-UaRsH8
International Response:
Immediately following the RPF takeover, around 2 million Hutus (perpetrators, bystanders, and resistors to the genocide) fled into the neighboring countries to avoid potential Tutsi retribution. Thousands died of epidemics, which spread like wildfire through to overcrowded refugee camps. The refugee presence in Zaire, among other factors, led to the first Congo War in 1996 and the formation of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Due to worsening conditions in the DRC and Tanzania, more than a million Rwandan refugees would return home by 1997. Back in Rwanda, the fully regenerated “UNAMIR 2” assumed control until March 8th, 1996. They faced the enormous task of cleaning up a war-torn country side, and dealing with the bodies of more than 1 million victims of genocide and war. The “machete” would become a symbol, synonymous to the Rwandan genocide for its widespread use by untrained civilians, to hack their neighbors to death. With the return of the refugees, the long-awaited genocide trials could proceed. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, located in Arusha, Tanzania, began proceedings in 1996. As of Spring 2012, the Tribunal has completed 35 trials and convicted 29 persons guilty of war crimes, acts of genocide, rape, and the creation of “hate media.” Eight trials are currently in progress, one accused criminal awaits trials in detention, and another 10 criminals remain at large, mostly presumed dead.
Pictures: http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=rwandan+genocide&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=fKmuUbz8L4qciQKMzIGYDQ&biw=1394&bih=780&sei=fqmuUbG-CIOjigKQ-4HICA#um=1&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=rwandan+genocide+machete&revid=2088921436&sa=X&ei=fqmuUd2NEKaJiALQsoHYCQ&ved=0CGAQgxY&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&fp=bad4932eec7c3675&biw=1394&bih=780&facrc=_&imgrc=Gv_AxaMiS0czXM%3A%3BURBCiwzRcuNsqM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fsfbayview.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2010%252F08%252FRwandan-Green-Party-VP-Andre-Kagwa-Rwisereka-beheaded-071410.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.globalresearch.ca%252Frwanda-s-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza-speaks-to-women-s-international-news-gathering-service%252F20715%3B443%3B299
http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=rwandan+genocide&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=fKmuUbz8L4qciQKMzIGYDQ&biw=1394&bih=780&sei=fqmuUbG-CIOjigKQ-4HICA#um=1&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=rwandan+genocide+machete&revid=2088921436&sa=X&ei=fqmuUd2NEKaJiALQsoHYCQ&ved=0CGAQgxY&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&fp=bad4932eec7c3675&biw=1394&bih=780&facrc=_&imgrc=cquVdnmJBOGbtM%3A%3BdXZ6tBLDGc8FzM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fthewe.cc%252Fthewe_%252Fimages_5%252F___%252Fgenocide%252Frwanda_bus.jpe%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fthewe.cc%252Fweplanet%252Fafrica%252Frwanda%252Fliving_among_the_dead.htm%3B544%3B393
http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=rwandan+genocide&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=fKmuUbz8L4qciQKMzIGYDQ&biw=1394&bih=780&sei=fqmuUbG-CIOjigKQ-4HICA#um=1&client=safari&rls=en&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=rwandan+genocide+machete&revid=2088921436&sa=X&ei=fqmuUd2NEKaJiALQsoHYCQ&ved=0CGAQgxY&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47380653,d.cGE&fp=bad4932eec7c3675&biw=1394&bih=780&facrc=_&imgrc=NitKp0AHVG1p5M%3A%3BSbjXZl6oA7nCzM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fubutabera.files.wordpress.com%252F2013%252F04%252Frwanda_genocide__ap_298223c.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fubutabera.wordpress.com%252F%3B460%3B317
Brian Hakimfar
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Topic: Rwandan Political Motives
Picture1:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BZ8RH7O2PL8/TQgdpy3NDDI/AAAAAAAAAAY/KQaMmyNHhHU/s1600/rwandan-genocide.jpg
Picture 2:
http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/files/photos/1363554486Untitled-1.jpg
Picture 3:
http://uzbekwounds.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/rwanda-genocide.jpg?w=640
Victim Adressing Topic:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-Fl89XOud8
International Response:
http://www.history.com/topics/rwandan-genocide
shane fenske
ReplyDeleteperiod 2 history
mr.edsall
6/4/2013
PICTURE 1
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/rw-lgflag.gif
PICTURE 2
http://keirinberlin.de/user/files/Rwanda_June_2007_207.jpg
PICTURE 3
http://www.en.iamistanbul.tv/upload2/images/201208/27/rwanda(1).JPG
PRIMARY SOURCE
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57580151/rwandan-genocide-survivor-is-living-the-american-dream/
INTERNATIONAL RESPONCE
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/
Aren Barnes
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Lasting Impact/ Legacy of the Rwandan Genocide
Images:
http://www.usip.org/files/rwanda_burundi.jpg
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/multimedia/archive/00390/9420324_GENOCIDE_390936c.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Rwanda_genocide_wanted_poster_2-20-03.jpg
Primary Source:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/13/rwanda-genocide-survivor-book-rebuild
International Response:
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAlex Bergman
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Lasting Impact and Legacy
Survivor's Account:
"I can never forgive those that killed my father. If my father and mother were here, I would not be out of school trying to look after my brother and sister. I am suffering
terribly now because I lost my parents and remember I am only 19
I am still dealing with the effects of the killings, and will have to do so for ever. Though I do receive some help, it can never be enough to replace my parents."
Images:
1.http://advokatdyavola.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/rwanda_scarred-man_01.jpg
2.http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~marke22g/classweb/dw1/images/tillman/Boys%20in%20Rwanda.jpg
3.http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BZ8RH7O2PL8/TQgdpy3NDDI/AAAAAAAAAAY/KQaMmyNHhHU/s1600/rwandan-genocide.jpg
International Response:
http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/center/rwanda/jigsaw3.pdf
Primary source: http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/testimonies/pdf/23%20-%20Denis%202009.pdf
Casey Hynes
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Impact on Children
Photos:
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3UP_CuE7NcQ/TdrAHAIkpDI/AAAAAAAAAB0/RL-knGJMyY4/s1600/rwandan-genocide.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mmzhI0FGaxw/T1_7TEyVwkI/AAAAAAAAArU/9E9HKwnfoGI/s1600/rwanda+genocide+bodies.jpg
http://www.dirkgebhardt.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/1000x670/15_years_after_the_genocide_-_orphans_in_rwanda/Ruanda-Orphans-025.jpg
Primary Source:
"Within seconds the horrifying genocide began. Statistics estimate that at least a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were slaughtered in 100 days. Ironically, it took more than two months for the United Nations and the international community to rule the systematic killings of the Tutsi at a rate of 10,000 per day a genocide. This staggering number includes those dearest to me — my parents and two of my siblings, close friends and classmates, neighbors and fellow citizens.
A stranger saved my life. By the grace of God, three of my younger siblings, who were all under 10 at the time, also survived. Initially orphaned and separated, we were eventually reunited and able to return to school. Providing for my siblings was not an easy task. They were so young and required more than a teenage girl could give, but I knew I had to grow up quickly. I soon became their mother, especially to my youngest sister Mireille who cannot even remember the faces of our parents.
As for me, I have never been young. I never knew what it was to buy fancy clothes or wear pretty shoes. I never spent money on trinkets or jewelry like other girls. And I never dared to shop just for the joy of it. The awareness that I had to save every coin for the well-being of my siblings was always with me. I never had the freedom to complain or whine like more fortunate children. I was grateful to just have something to eat, and a place to lay my body and close my eyes.
Many wonderful people have helped me along the way, but God has been the “crew chief” on this journey. He revealed Himself not only in times of joy but in the most devastating of situations. Although I struggled to pay for food, clothes, medical expenses, and find a place to live, I was able to win a full scholarship to college in Rwanda where I earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics Engineering, and in the United States where I earned a Master’s Degree in Telecom Engineering.
Although the genocide left many scars that I still carry to this day, my gratitude to God is immeasurable. For years I struggled with stomach problems that started shortly after the Genocide ended. After being treated with every stomach drug available in Rwanda between 1994 and 2004, a doctor at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK), where I was transferred as the only option left, shocked me with news I wasn’t prepared to hear: “You have an ulcer. It seems like you have been drinking alcohol and smoking for many years.” I could not help but laugh. “But doctor, I’ve never smoked or drunk alcohol,” I replied."
International Response:
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
Works Cited:
"The Incredible Story of a Rwandan Genocide Survivor." JD GREEAR. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2013.
Jordan Carvel
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Lasting Impact/ Legacy of the Rwandan Genocide
Pictures:
http://resources0.news.com.au/images/2011/06/24/1226081/663448-rwanda-genocide.jpg
http://thewe.cc/thewe_/images_5/___/genocide/skulls_rwanda_genocide.jpe
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Bodies_of_Rwandan_refugees_DF-ST-02-03035.jpg
Primary Source:
http://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/688
International Response:
http://www.unicef.org/media/media_20325.html
Brittney Collinson
ReplyDeletePeriod: 5
6-6-13
Lasting impact and Legacy of Rwanda Genocide
Photos:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2010/12/13/131971720/rwanda
http://www.menwhokilledme.com/roots-of-rwandan-genocide/
http://m.guardiannews.com/world/video/2008/dec/18/rwanda-genocide
Five Rwandans have been arrested by the Metropolitan Police on suspicion of involvement in the 1994 genocide in their home country.
It follows an extradition request from Rwandan prosecutors, who want them to face trial for crimes against humanity.
In 2009, four of the men won a High Court battle to halt extradition after senior judges ruled there was "a real risk" they would not get a fair trial.
During the appeal, all four of the men denied any involvement in the genocide.
The five men were arrested by the Met's extradition unit at their home addresses at 06:30 BST.
They later appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court.
The suspects were named as Emmanuel Ntezirayo, 51, from Manchester, Charles Munyaneza, 55, from Bedford, Celestine Ugirashebuja, 60, from Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex, Dr Vincent Bajinya, 52, from Islington, north London and Celestine Mutabaruka, 57, from Ashford, Kent.
All of the men except Mr Mutabaruka were arrested as part of the previous failed extradition attempt.
They were in custody from 2006 until 2009, when the High Court ruled they be released.
Three of the accused are former mayors of Rwandan communes.
They have been accused of taking a leading role in the genocide, when around 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed in 100 days.
Rwanda's chief prosecutor Martin Ngoga welcomed the arrests and said he believed all the suspects had a "case to answer".
In a statement, he said he hoped the British courts would move quickly to extradite the men, so that they could "face justice".
Rwanda had made "significant progress" on addressing concerns about fair trials since the 2009 High Court ruling, he added, pointing to recent extradition decisions by the European Court of Human Rights and Norway in favour of Rwanda as potential precedents for the British courts.
There is no extradition treaty between Rwanda and the UK, but a Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries with regard to these individuals was signed on in March, the Crown Prosecution Service said.
The men will next appear in court on 5 June.
BBC Africa editor Mary Harper said that although it was nearly 20 years since the genocide, a number of those accused of leading it were still at large - some of them in Europe.
Redress, a human rights organisation which has been helping survivors of the genocide obtain justice, welcomed the arrests.
"Nowhere, including the UK, ought to be a safe haven for those accused of genocide and related international crimes," the group said.
Work cited:
http://m.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-22720666
Anastas Beribak
ReplyDeleteperiod.5
Lasting impact and Legacy of Rwanda Genocide
Photo:http://www.photosensitive.com/imgs/rwanda-children.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BZ8RH7O2PL8/TQgdpy3NDDI/AAAAAAAAAAY/KQaMmyNHhHU/s1600/rwandan-genocide.jpg
http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2010/12/13/rwanda_custom-f87cd9c2285f72fc0ed081549802a679c864921c-s6-c30.jpg
Primary Source:http://www.historywiz.com/rwanda-eyewitness.htm
International response:http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Gourevitch/gourevitch-con5.html
Sam Vizvary
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Rwanda Genocide
Lasting Impact and Legacy
Pictures:
http://megoracle.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/013-rwanda-genocide-crosses-in-kigali.jpg
http://www.orwelltoday.com/rwandabodies2.jpg
http://www.sit.edu/Images/sitlibrary_images/ugp_A-Community-Meeting-in-.jpg
Primary Source:
Radio Transmissions
http://migs.concordia.ca/links/documents/RTLM_12Dec93_eng_tape0101.pdf
International Response:
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB117/Rw01.pdf
Destiny De Alba
ReplyDeletePer 2
Rwandan Genocide- Legacy/Lasting Impact
Pictures:
http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/photo/wlc/image/alpha/rwanda1.jpg
http://i826.photobucket.com/albums/zz181/wooddragon9/War/rwanda_rfgees_tznia_1994.jpg
http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/gallery/alphonsine/images/92_jpg.jpg
Primary Source:
http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/gallery/portrait/mukango ga
International Response:
http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Works Cited:
International Response- http://teaching.quotidiana.org/our/2006/rwanda/response.html
Primary Source-http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007216
Darr Gebreselassie
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Lasting Impact Rwandan Genocide
Pictures
First Picture graveyard http://megoracle.com/2011/10/
Lasting impact physically on a mans face http://lightbox.time.com/2011/04/06/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/#1
Many skulls left over from genocide first picture http://sunnyntayombya.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/the-impact-of-genocide-are-18-years-long-enough/
International response
http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/2.htm
Primary source
http://www.historywiz.com/rwanda-eyewitness.htm
Guyler Levy
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Lasting Impact/Legacy
Primary Document:
http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/analysis/details.php?content=2008-03-06
Picture 1:http://pulitzercenter.org/articles/what-follows-genocide
Picture 2:http://thinkafricapress.com/rwanda/legacy-gacaca-courts-genocide
Picture 3:http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/us/politics/in-africa-bill-clinton-works-to-leave-a-charitable-legacy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
International Response:
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2009/0407/p06s11-woaf.html
Brandon Kheradmand
ReplyDeletePeriod: 5
Rwandan Genocide Lasting Impact/Legacy
Pictures: 1)http://scrapetv.com/News/newsbrief/international/images-2/rwanda-genocide-trials.jpg
2) http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ypHZ06Q6hD8/S-dGB9Ik2NI/AAAAAAAAAoc/FPnfRkmQEWQ/s1600/Capture+d’écran+2010-05-10+à+01.20.14.png
3)http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P6-5hrszLvQ/T2XN8_Ql2jI/AAAAAAAABU4/9PEhHCybUpo/s1600/genocide+of+tamils+2009.jpg
Primary source: "Thousands of children-many of whom had been exploited for their labor or their property and denied the right to education at home-have migrated to city streets to fend for themselves.There, they face a near constant risk of harassment by law enforcement officials and arbitrary arrest.Municipal authorities continue to round children up by force in an effort to "clean the streets," despite promises to direct their efforts at protecting the children without violating their rights.Girls living on the streets are frequently raped, sometimes even by law enforcement officials, yet few of those responsible have been prosecuted."
Interntional response: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/714025.stm
works cited: http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/04/02/lasting-wounds
stephanie alva
ReplyDeleteper.2
lasting impact and legacy
Pictures:
http://www.photosensitive.com/imgs/rwanda-genocide-skulls.jpg
http://concernedafricascholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rwanda.jpg
http://nimg.sulekha.com/others/original700/rwanda-congo-genocide-2010-10-10-9-21-29.jpg
Primary resource:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8mhftHWQNY
International response:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_6CFNwJ9ww